Crank press is a common mechanical press, which is widely used in metal forming, stamping, shearing, die casting and other processes. Its working principle is based on the mechanical movement of the crank-connecting rod mechanism, which is converted into linear reciprocating pressure movement through the rotational movement of the crank.
Basic working principle of crank press:
Rotation of crank: The driving source of crank press is usually an electric motor or an internal combustion engine. The motor drives the crank to rotate through a transmission system such as gears and belts.
Crank and connecting rod transmission: The crank is connected to the connecting rod, and the rotation of the crank is transmitted to the slider through the connecting rod. The connecting rod converts the rotational movement of the crank into the up and down reciprocating movement of the slider. In this process, the movement of the crank is circular motion, while the movement of the slider is linear motion.
Slider movement: The crank drives the connecting rod to move, thereby pushing the slider to move up and down in the vertical direction. When the slider moves downward, a large impact force is generated, and this impact force is used for pressing, stamping or forming work.
Working stroke: The top dead center of the crank press is the highest position of the slider moving upward, and the bottom dead center is the lowest position of the slider moving downward. During the stamping operation, the slider moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center and then returns to the top dead center, forming a complete working cycle.
Transmission of pressure and impact force: The pressure of the crank press is transmitted to the mold or workpiece on the workbench by the crank and connecting rod mechanism, generating strong pressure on the workpiece, thereby completing the process operations such as stamping, shearing, bending, and forming.
Key components and their functions:
Crank: Provides rotational power, usually connected to an electric motor or other drive source.
Connecting rod: Converts the rotational motion of the crank into linear reciprocating motion of the slider.
Slider: Directly contacts the workpiece to complete stamping, forming and other tasks.
Base and workbench: Support the entire press and fix the workpiece, providing a stable operating platform.
Punch and die: Installed on the slider and workbench, directly perform processing work.
Summary: The working principle of the crank press mainly relies on the crank to drive the connecting rod to rotate, which is converted into the up and down linear motion of the slider. This motion is used to apply pressure to the workpiece to complete different processing tasks. Its advantage is that it can provide strong pressure and is suitable for various stamping and forming processes.
